With XRF, stainless steel scrap can be quickly analyzed and sorted according to grade and type. Handheld XRF analyzers bring immense value to scrap metal recyclers because it is a highly accurate, nondestructive testing technique that can analyze a metal sample in seconds with little to no need for sample preparation. Stainless steel is 100% recyclable and therefore a huge amount of stainless steel must be evaluated at the scrap yard. Handheld XRF and LIBS are highly valuable technologies in the scrap metal market. There are two technologies that provide the elemental analysis needed to produce high quality stainless steel: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). These alloys are added in varying amounts and combinations to meet specific end-use applications, which is why it’s very important for stainless steel manufacturers to verify that the correct percentages of each alloy are being used. Nickel is added to austenitic steel to improve flexibility. Nitrogen, for example, improves tensile properties like ductility. In addition to chromium, stainless steels are made with alloys of silicon, nickel, carbon, nitrogen, and manganese. Environmentally friendly and recyclable.Long lasting, with a low lifecycle cost.These steels are made to be extremely strong with the addition of elements such as aluminum, copper and niobium.Ĭorrosion resistance is the main advantage of stainless steel, but it certainly isn’t the only one. Martensitic or semi-austenitic steels can also be classified as precipitation hardening stainless steels. Newer duplex grades are being developed for a broader range of applications. Duplex steels are used in the paper, pulp, shipbuilding, and petrochemical industries. It contains approximately 13% chromium and is used to make knives and turbine blades.ĭuplex stainless steel is a composite of austenitic and ferritic steels, making it both strong and flexible. Martensitic stainless steel is very hard and strong, though it is not as resistant to corrosion as austenitic or ferritic grades. Ferritic steel is commonly used in washing machines, boilers and indoor architecture. Austenitic steel is used in housewares, industrial piping and vessels, construction, and architectural facades.įerritic stainless steel has similar properties to mild steel (the most common steel), but better corrosion, heat, and cracking resistance. It has excellent corrosion and heat resistance with good mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures. There are more than 100 different grades of stainless steel but they can be grouped into five major types:Īustenitic is the most widely used type of stainless steel. Chromium is added in quantities ranging from 10.5 to 30%, depending on the application or environment in which the steel is to be used. When chromium is added to steel, it forms chromium oxide, which acts as a protective surface to prevent air and moisture from causing rust, as happens with ordinary steel. When iron ore is artificially manipulated into a pure form to make steel, it becomes unstable and will readily recombine with oxygen. Steel corrodes because iron, the metal used to make steel, occurs in nature in combination with other elements. What makes stainless steel different is the addition of chromium (Cr) and other alloying elements such as nickel (Ni) to create a corrosion-resistant product. Like all other kinds of steel, stainless steel is made primarily from iron and carbon in a two-step process. “Stainless” steel is actually a generic term referring to a variety of steel types. Part I: An Introduction to the World’s Most Popular Metal
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